Before that, there were 7 million varieties of chemicals in the world, and more than 100,000 chemicals circulated in the market. More than 10,000 of them were hazardous chemicals. About 70% of the raw materials, intermediates and products in chemical production were hazardous chemicals. Goods with explosive, flammable, poisonous, corrosive and radioactive properties, which are liable to cause death, injury and property damage during transport, loading, unloading and storage, and which require special protection are hazardous chemicals. According to the laws and standards that have been published before, there are mainly Dangerous Goods Classification and Name Number (GB6944-86), Dangerous Goods List (GB12268-90), Hazardous Chemicals Classification and Marking (GB13690-92). Hazardous Chemicals are generally classified into, each of which is classified as.
Class I: Explosives refer to those substances which can produce intense chemical reaction under external action (e.g. heat, friction, impact, etc.) and produce instantaneous amount of body and heat, which causes sharp increase of pressure and explosion around them, causing damage and injury to the surrounding environment, equipment and personnel. Explosives fall into five national standards, three of which contain hazardous chemicals.
Item 1: Substances and articles with overall explosion risk, such as chloric acid.
Item 2: Substances and articles with combustion and explosion hazards, such as phosphite nitrobenzene.
Item 3: Heavy and dangerous explosives and articles such as tetrazole-1-acid.
Class 1: Compressed and liquefied bodies refer to compressed, liquefied or pressurized dissolved bodies. When this kind of goods is heated, impacted or vibrated intensely, the pressure inside the container increases sharply, resulting in vessel rupture, material leakage, explosion, etc. It is divided into 3 items.
Item 1: Flammable bodies such as ammonia, carbon dioxide and methane.
Item 2: Non-combustible body (including combustion-supporting body), such as nitrogen and oxygen.
Item 3: Toxic bodies such as chlorine (liquefied), ammonia (liquefied).
Class III: Flammable liquids This type of substance is volatile at room temperature. Its vaporization can be mixed with air to form an explosive mixture, which can be divided into 3 items.
Item 1: Low flash point liquids, i.e. liquids with flash points lower than -18 C, such as aldehyde, acetone.
Item 2: Medium flash point liquids, i.e. liquids with flash points of -18 ~23 C, such as benzene and methanol.
Item 3, "Flash point liquids", i.e. liquids with flash points above 23 C, such as cyclohexane, chlorobenzene, and anisole.
The fourth category: Flammable solids, flammable articles and wet flammable articles, which are easy to cause disaster, are divided into 3 items according to their combustion characteristics.
Item 1: Flammable solids, refers to solids with low ignition point, sensitive to heat, impact and friction, easily ignited by external sources and rapidly burning, which can emit toxic smoke or toxic substances such as red phosphorus and sulfur.
Item 2: Ignition articles refer to low ignition point, easy to emit heat from oxidation reaction in air, and burning articles such as yellow phosphorus and titanium trichloride.
Item 3: When wet and inflammable goods, it means that when wet or damp, the hair reacts violently, releasing inflammable body and heat, some of which can burn or explode without knowing, such as sodium and potassium hydride.
The fifth category: oxidizers and organic peroxides, which are highly oxidizing and prone to combustion and explosion, are divided into 2 items according to their composition.
Item 1: Oxidizer, which is a highly oxidizing substance that easily decomposes and releases oxygen and heat. It is sensitive to heat, vibration and friction, such as ammonium chloride and potassium manganate.
Item 2: Organic peroxides refer to organics containing peroxide bonds in the structure, which are inflammable, explosive, highly decomposible and highly sensitive to heat, vibration and friction, such as benzoyl peroxide and methyl peroxide.
Class VI: Toxic substances refer to the substances entering the muscles of mushrooms (animals) and, when accumulated to a certain extent, acting chemically and physically with body fluids and tissues, disturbing or destroying the normal physical functions of muscles, causing temporary or persistent pathological changes and even endangering lives, such as various cyanides, arsenides and chemical pesticides.
Category 7: Radioactive materials belong to hazardous chemicals, but they do not fall within the scope of the Regulations on Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals. There are also special regulations to manage them.
Class I: Corrosives refer to solids or liquids which can burn the tissues of mushroom body and cause damage to articles of the genus, etc. These substances are divided into 3 categories according to their chemical properties.
Item 1: Acidic corrosives such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid.
Item 2: Alkaline corrosives such as sodium hydroxide and calcium sulfide.
Item 3: Other corrosives, such as chlorohydride, sodium phenol.