Fluorescent pigments are a kind of pigments, such as some kinds of vitamins (a, B2), biological pigments, lipids, elastic fibers, etc The color effect and imaging effect of spontaneous fluorescence under microscope are very weak, and the imaging time is also short. Some chemical components in organisms spontaneously excite fluorescence under the irradiation of short wave spectral lines, which is called primaryfluorescence. For example, some kinds of vitamins (a, B2), biological pigments, lipids, elastic fibers, etc The color effect and imaging effect of spontaneous fluorescence under microscope are very weak, and the imaging time is also short. Biological samples treated with fluorescent pigments can stimulate brilliant fluorescence under the irradiation of short wave spectral lines, which is called secondary fluorescence. The color development effect and imaging effect of secondary fluorescence are extremely strong. Therefore, it occupies an important position in fluorescence microscope technology. Nowadays, the synthesis of more effective fluorescent pigments, the development of more specific labeling technology, the variable relationship between fluorescent pigments and excitation light wavelength, the quantitative determination of fluorescence intensity and the fluorescence scanning classification of chromosome dyeing are all major exploration directions.
Fluorescent pigments can be broadly divided into three categories:
1. Alkaline fluorescent pigments are easily dissociated in acidic solutions. Its fluorescent component has a positive charge. Therefore, it can bind ions with acidic groups in biological samples. It is in a non dissociative state in alkaline solution.
2. Acidic fluorescent pigments are easy to dissociate in alkaline solution, and their fluorescent components are negatively charged.
3. Neutral fluorescent pigment weak acid or weak alkali fluorescent pigment is electrically neutral pigment Its dissociation has no practical significance in the process of fluorescent staining. This pigment is mostly used to show the structure of macromolecules.
The field of using fluorescein is particularly broad. For example, the identification of impurities in mineral oil in mineralogy, the classification of quartz sand in optical glass industry, the identification of reservoir leakage in hydrogeology, the detection of blood stains and fine spots in forensic medicine, the inspection of metal cracks in mechanical industry, the identification of classical works of art and fakes, bacteriology, virology, immunology, oncology, genetics, fiber textile industry and various other majors can apply fluorescence technology.